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In 1838, the black Philadelphian Robert Purvis lamented that when an African American was accused of being a fugitive slave, “a free-born citizen of Pennsylvania be arrested, tried without counsel, jury or power to call witnesses. That work was potent because white lawmakers did not agree on the significance or content of citizenship many felt the status simply identified a person’s connection to a place.
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866 FILE TIME LIMIT FREE
They called themselves citizens as they worked toward specific legal changes including protections from kidnappers, free movement throughout the country, equal employment opportunities, and the right to vote. As early as the 1820s, African Americans publicly challenged exclusionary laws in northern states. The Fourteenth Amendment was in some ways the culmination of decades of black activism. In the antebellum period, black Americans established the roots of Reconstruction, and exploring their politics points to the ways marginalized people can shape lawmaking in a way that moves governments toward justice. Key to the story of that amendment is the decades of black protest that shaped the intellectual context of postwar lawmaking. In the decades before the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, African American activists helped generate a concept of citizenship that changed the nation’s legal structures. At the same time, activists continued to work outside of these formal spaces to promote their visions of legal change. Subsequent posts can be found here, here, and here.ĭuring Reconstruction, black men claimed unprecedented formal political power by participating in southern state constitutional conventions like that held in Richmond, Virginia, in 1868. The guest editor’s introduction and conclusion can be found here and here.
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Today we share the first contribution to our scholarly roundtable on the Fourteenth Amendment.
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Forum: The Future of Reconstruction Studies.
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